RESEARCH GENERATIVE-DESIGN BENCHMARK - NOT CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION OR CODE CERTIFICATION.

What stops designs

Counted over every one of the 1,658,597 designs evaluated in the benchmark, not just the ones kept. “Sole” counts designs that failed that one constraint and nothing else — the constraint that was the only thing between the design and feasibility.

ID	Constraint	Category	Designs violating	Sole violation	Examples
C01	geometry valid Every room rectangle is finite with strictly positive extents.	invalid geometry	0.2%	0.20%	B0017-anneal-0-16
C02	no overlap No two rooms on the same storey overlap.	overlap	0%	0%
C03	within buildable Every room lies inside the lot minus its setbacks.	setback violation	0%	0%
C04	min room area Each room meets the benchmark minimum area for its type.	insufficient area	48.8%	0.50%	B0001-random-1-1338 B0003-random-1-426
C05	min room dimension Each room's shorter side meets the benchmark minimum clear dimension.	bad proportion	79.1%	2.58%	B0001-random-1-1338 B0003-random-1-426
C06	max room aspect Each room's aspect ratio is within the benchmark maximum for its type.	bad proportion	68.2%	1.56%	B0001-random-1-1338 B0003-random-1-426
C07	min unit area Each dwelling meets the brief's minimum floor area.	insufficient area	38.9%	0.37%	B0001-random-1-1338 B0006-random-1-1355
C08	unit connectivity Every room of a dwelling is reachable from that dwelling's entry.	disconnected room	11.9%	0.00%
C09	street access Every dwelling's entry is reachable from the street.	no street access	55.0%	1.88%	B0001-nsga2-0-1288 B0001-random-1-1338
C10	habitable daylight Every habitable room has an exterior wall able to take a window.	daylight failure	47.2%	0.69%	B0003-random-1-426 B0004-random-2-333
C11	required adjacency Brief-required room adjacencies are present as door-capable contacts.	adjacency violation	51.2%	1.29%	B0001-random-1-1338 B0005-random-0-673
C12	forbidden door No door connects a brief-forbidden pair of room types.	adjacency violation	0%	0%
C13	open space Open space net of parking meets the brief's target fraction of the lot.	open space failure	0.0%	0.00%
C14	courtyard provision A required courtyard void is delivered at usable size.	open space failure	5.1%	0.25%	B0013-anneal-2-1053 B0013-heuristic-0
C15	programme complete Every room the brief requires is present, once, on its required storey.	programme incomplete	0%	0%
C16	unit contiguity A dwelling's rooms on a storey form a single contiguous block.	disconnected room	0%	0%
C17	vertical support Every upper-storey room sits over built floor area on the storey below (a stacking proxy, not a structural check).	unsupported storey	0%	0%

A design can violate several constraints, so the first column does not sum to 100%.

By method

Percentage of each method's evaluated designs violating each constraint.
method	C01	C04	C05	C06	C07	C08	C09	C10	C11	C14
Heuristic	0	25	58	42	15	0	9	9	16	5
Random search	0	71	98	90	63	26	85	74	83	1
Simulated annealing	0	51	81	71	41	10	63	46	56	3
NSGA-II	0	42	75	61	39	9	54	39	45	6
Random sketch + repair	1	50	73	68	28	12	47	54	53	12
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II	0	34	71	55	27	4	32	27	23	3

Process failures

Runs that ended without a usable result for reasons outside the constraint checker.

CP-SAT: solver infeasible: 21 runs
CP-SAT: solver timeout: 97 runs
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II: repair collapse: 141 runs
Random sketch + repair: repair collapse: 194 runs

“Repair collapse” in the seeded pipelines means repair did not reach feasibility within its share of the budget; the NSGA-II stage still runs from the repaired seed.