standard tier · 72 briefs · 1,368 runs · results db2e24e

CityFormGen

Generative and optimisation methods for middle housing, compared under matched compute

RESEARCH GENERATIVE-DESIGN BENCHMARK - NOT CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION OR CODE CERTIFICATION.

hard · flats · 2 storeys

B0031: a courtyard on a 16.2 × 25.5 m lot

4 dwellings, 23 rooms. The pooled front across all methods holds 4 nondominated designs.

Requirements

Lot
16.2 × 25.5 m (413 m²)
Street side faces
180° (0 = north)
Setbacks front / rear / left / right
4.8 / 7.1 / 1 / 1.6 m
Storeys × height
2 × 2.8 m
Shared core
yes (access gallery + stair)
Open space, net of parking
30% of the lot
Parking spaces
0
Courtyard
32 m² requested
Tightness (programme / buildable volume)
0.806

Programme

DwellingTypeStoreyMin m²Rooms
U01BR046entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary
U12BR063entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary, bedroom secondary
U22BR163entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary, bedroom secondary
U32BR163entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary, bedroom secondary

Required contacts: entry–living, kitchen–living. Doors forbidden between: entry–bedroom_primary, entry–bedroom_secondary, kitchen–bathroom.

Results by method

MethodSolvedHVEvalssNotes
Heuristic0%0.0006222.7
Random search0%0.00015006.6
Simulated annealing0%0.00015006.6
NSGA-II0%0.00015007.3
CP-SAT0%0.00004.6solver timeout
Random sketch + repair0%0.00015006.9repair collapse
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II33%0.01115007.3repair collapse

Mean over 1 seeds (the heuristic is deterministic: one run).

Representative designs from the pooled front

Each is best on one objective, or the knee: the most balanced trade-off. None is best overall.

Closest attempts that failed

For methods that found nothing feasible: their least-infeasible design, with its violations marked on its page.

Pareto explorer

Loading designs…

Convergence on this brief

Archive hypervolume against evaluations, mean over seeds.

Heuristic
00.011500 ev
Random search
00.011500 ev
Simulated annealing
00.011500 ev
NSGA-II
00.011500 ev
CP-SAT
00.011500 ev
Random sketch + repair
00.011500 ev
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II
00.011500 ev

What stopped designs here

Share of each method's evaluated designs that violated each constraint.
methodC04C05C06C07C08C09C10C11C14
Heuristic17%48%8%20%0%11%1%97%
Random search100%100%100%100%63%99%74%99%4%
Simulated annealing88%100%95%93%14%90%58%78%39%
NSGA-II66%99%85%83%12%86%47%89%84%
Random sketch + repair77%100%91%75%13%72%99%76%99%
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II20%57%26%18%6%11%16%24%98%

Constraint definitions