standard tier · 72 briefs · 1,368 runs · results db2e24e

CityFormGen

Generative and optimisation methods for middle housing, compared under matched compute

RESEARCH GENERATIVE-DESIGN BENCHMARK - NOT CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION OR CODE CERTIFICATION.

medium · flats · 2 storeys

B0007: a courtyard on a 21.7 × 21.6 m lot

4 dwellings, 23 rooms. The pooled front across all methods holds 361 nondominated designs.

Requirements

Lot
21.7 × 21.6 m (469 m²)
Street side faces
180° (0 = north)
Setbacks front / rear / left / right
3.4 / 4.3 / 1.4 / 1.7 m
Storeys × height
2 × 2.8 m
Shared core
yes (access gallery + stair)
Open space, net of parking
25% of the lot
Parking spaces
0
Courtyard
42 m² requested
Tightness (programme / buildable volume)
0.571

Programme

DwellingTypeStoreyMin m²Rooms
U01BR046entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary
U12BR063entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary, bedroom secondary
U22BR163entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary, bedroom secondary
U32BR163entry, living, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom primary, bedroom secondary

Required contacts: entry–living, kitchen–living. Doors forbidden between: entry–bedroom_primary, entry–bedroom_secondary, kitchen–bathroom.

Results by method

MethodSolvedHVEvalssNotes
Heuristic100%0.0775872.8
Random search0%0.00015005.1
Simulated annealing33%0.01515005.3
NSGA-II67%0.04715006.7
CP-SAT0%0.00004.6solver timeout
Random sketch + repair33%0.01415005.7repair collapse
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II100%0.09015008.8

Mean over 1 seeds (the heuristic is deterministic: one run).

Representative designs from the pooled front

Each is best on one objective, or the knee: the most balanced trade-off. None is best overall.

Closest attempts that failed

For methods that found nothing feasible: their least-infeasible design, with its violations marked on its page.

Pareto explorer

Loading designs…

Convergence on this brief

Archive hypervolume against evaluations, mean over seeds.

Heuristic
00.081500 ev
Random search
00.081500 ev
Simulated annealing
00.081500 ev
NSGA-II
00.081500 ev
CP-SAT
00.081500 ev
Random sketch + repair
00.081500 ev
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II
00.081500 ev

What stopped designs here

Share of each method's evaluated designs that violated each constraint.
methodC04C05C06C07C08C09C10C11C14
Heuristic12%37%30%1%13%1%1%
Random search99%100%100%100%48%97%60%98%1%
Simulated annealing67%89%86%68%8%73%24%81%0%
NSGA-II40%68%50%37%6%61%12%47%1%
Random sketch + repair43%60%57%42%8%63%30%53%49%
Heuristic-seeded NSGA-II27%42%29%2%6%11%18%23%4%

Constraint definitions